True Left

Kings and Generals' animated historical documentary series on medieval history and history of religion and culture continues with a video on how the Eastern Roman Empire established cultural supremacy over Eastern Europe through Orthodoxy and cultural dominance, creating what is now loosely known as the Byzantine Commonwealth.

The Galli or Priests of Cybele were eunuchs.

In the late period of the Roman Empire, after the adoption of the oriental royal court model by the Emperors Diocletian (r. 284–305) and Constantine (r. 306–337), emperors were surrounded by eunuchs for such functions as bathing, haircutting, dressing, and bureaucratic functions, in effect acting as a shield between the emperor and his administrators from physical contact, thus enjoying great influence in the imperial court (see Eusebius and Eutropius).

Eunuchs were familiar figures in the Assyrian Empire (ca. 850 until 622 BCE)[28] and in the court of the Egyptian Pharaohs (down to the Lagid dynasty known as Ptolemies, ending with Cleopatra VII, 30 BCE). Eunuchs sometimes were used as regents for underage heirs to the throne, as it seems to be the case for the Neo-Hittite state of Carchemish.[29] Political eunuchism became a fully established institution among the Achamenide Persians.[30] Eunuchs held powerful positions in the Achaemenide court.
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Eunuchs existed in China from about 4,000 years ago, were imperial servants by 3,000 years ago, and were common as civil servants by the time of the Qin dynasty.[39][40]
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The eunuchs of Korea, called Korean: 내시, 內侍, romanized: naesi,[45] were officials to the king and other royalty in traditional Korean society. The first recorded appearance of a Korean eunuch was in Goryeosa ("History of Goryeo"), a compilation about the Goryeo dynasty period.
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Many Vietnamese eunuchs were products of self castration to gain access to the palaces and power. In other cases they might be paid to become eunuchs. They served in many capacities, from supervising public works, to investigating crimes, to reading public proclamations.[52]
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Sir Henry Yule saw many Muslims serving as eunuchs during the Konbaung dynasty period of Burma (modern Myanmar) while on a diplomatic mission.[57]
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For several centuries, Muslim Eunuchs were tasked with honored roles in Medina and Mecca.[58] They are thought to have been instituted in their role there by Salah ad-Deen Ayubi, but perhaps earlier.[58][59] Their tasks included caring for the Prophet Muhammad's tomb, maintaining borders between males and females where needed, and keeping order in the sacred spaces.[58] They were highly respected in their time and remained there throughout the Ottoman Empire's control of the area and afterward.[58]
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In the Shi'i Fatimid Empire (909 CE - 1171 CE), eunuchs played major roles in the politics of the caliphate's court.
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Eunuch priests have served various goddesses from India for many centuries.

Although the Ancient Hebrews did not practice castration, eunuchs were common in other cultures featured in the Bible, such as ancient Egypt, Babylonia, the Persian Empire, and ancient Rome.

Rome was still an empire of immigrants in those years. Many immigrants advanced their families’ reputations and their own careers by settling inside the Roman Empire’s borders: Franks, Armenians, Vandals, Moors, Ethiopians, and more. Unless conquered and enslaved in war, every man and woman who lived inside the empire’s territorial border held the status of a free person. A kaleidoscope of options for where to live, what to enjoy, and how to earn a living kept society colorfully in motion. Latin may have famously been the common language, but all around the ancient world, multilingualism was the norm. A basic definition of Romanitas—the quality of what it meant to live under the rule of the emperors, to call one of the hundred-plus provinces your home, and to know that the borders of your world were protected day and night by soldiers at the frontier—emerged from this array of diversity. Privilege, education, wealth, and one’s own dreams filled in the rest.