Posted by: 90sRetroFan
« on: January 11, 2023, 07:12:09 pm »Success:
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/01/10/sir-francis-drake-primary-school-renamed-following-black-lives/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake#Slave_trade
Other successes in removing his name:
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/01/10/sir-francis-drake-primary-school-renamed-following-black-lives/
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Sir Francis Drake Primary School will be renamed in light of the seaman’s “slave trade links”.
The famed navigator became an English national hero for helping to defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588, but his legacy was reassessed following Black Lives Matter protests, and his connections to slavery have made him a contentious figure.
The Sir Francis Drake school in south London will be renamed “Twin Oaks Primary”, its headteacher has announced, informing parents: “The slave trade links associated with the current name sat at odds with the values of our school.”
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Drake was knighted by Elizabeth I in 1581 having inflicted a series of naval defeats on the Spanish in the Americas and circumnavigated the globe, but before these exploits he took part in voyages with his cousin Sir John Hawkins which saw the capture of black African slaves.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake#Slave_trade
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Between 1560 and 1568 Drake served as a seaman on a series of voyages on the ships of his second cousin, Sir John Hawkins, with whom he had been brought up.[22][19] On these voyages Hawkins is widely acknowledged to have begun the English slave trade. The West African slave trade was at this time a Portuguese and Spanish monopoly, but John Hawkins devised a plan to break into that trade, and in 1562, enlisted the aid of colleagues and family to finance his first slave voyage.[23] Drake, 12 years junior to Hawkins, was part of the crew and is mentioned by name in the records.[19][better source needed] They carried slaves, cloth, manufactured goods and contraband.[24]
For his second slave voyage Hawkins gained Queen Elizabeth I's support, she allowed him to charter one of her ships, Jesus of Lübeck, and the rest of his needed capital came from a consortium of investors from her court.[25] Drake was twenty (circa 1563–1564),[20][26] and not a member of that consortium but the crew would have received a share in the profits.[27][28] Based on this association, scholar Kris Lane lists Drake as one of the first English slave traders.[29]
The Spanish and Portuguese were aggrieved that the English had entered into the slave trade and were selling slaves to their colonies, despite being forbidden from doing so. Queen Elizabeth I, under pressure to avoid an armed conflict, forbade Hawkins from going to sea for a third slave voyage. In response he set up a new slave voyage with a relative of his, John Lovell, in command.[25] Drake accompanied Lovell on this voyage.[25] In 1566–1567, Lovell attacked Portuguese settlements and slave ships on the coast of West Africa and then sailed to the Americas and sold the captured cargoes of enslaved Africans onto Spanish plantations.[30] The voyage was unsuccessful and more than 90 enslaved Africans were released without payment.[31][32]
Drake accompanied Hawkins on his next slave voyage. The crew attempted to capture and kidnap the inhabitants of a village near Cape Verde, but had to retreat. Hawkins recruited a local king in Sierra Leone to help him forcibly kidnap people, capturing and enslaving over 500 people before setting sail for the Spanish West Indies.[33]
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In the Magellan Strait Francis and his men engaged in skirmish with local indigenous people, becoming the first Europeans to kill indigenous peoples in southern Patagonia.[56]
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Drake became a member of parliament again in 1584 for Bossiney[13] on the forming of the 5th Parliament of Elizabeth I.[93] He served the duration of the parliament and was active in issues regarding the navy, fishing, early American colonisation, and issues related chiefly to Devon.
Other successes in removing his name:
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Several landmarks in northern California were named after Drake, beginning in the late 19th century and continuing into the 20th century. American historian Richard White has claimed that these commemorations have origins in Anglo-Saxonism,[115] a racist ideology that was variously used to justify manifest destiny, imperialism, slavery, nativism, and the genocide of indigenous peoples.[116] Public scrutiny of these memorials intensified after the murder of George Floyd, when protests against police brutality and racism drew critical attention to place names and monuments connected to white supremacy. Several California landmarks that commemorated Drake were removed or renamed. Citing Drake's associations with the transatlantic slave trade, colonialism and piracy,[117][118] Sir Francis Drake High School, in San Anselmo, California, changed its name to Archie Williams High School, after former teacher and Olympic athlete Archie Williams. A statue of Drake in Larkspur, California was also removed by the city authorities.[119][120] Multiple jurisdictions in Marin County considered renaming Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, one of its major thoroughfares, but left the name intact when they failed to reach a consensus.[121] In San Francisco, the Sir Francis Drake Hotel was renamed the Beacon Grand Hotel.[122]