True Left

It is not unreasonable to entertain the possibility that regions with less precipitation would bring about evolution of a higher intelligence. Greater precipitation causes greater growth of vegetation so that gathering is relatively easy.

The importance of vegetation in the evolutionary increase in intelligence is strongly implied by Lynn and Vanhanen (2012, p. 380), who said:

When these peoples settled in the temperate and colder latitudes of North Africa, Asia and Europe, they encountered the problem of survival during the winter and spring. This was a problem because the first humans that evolved in equatorial East Africa subsisted largely on plant foods, of which numerous species were available throughout the year (Lee, 1968; Tooby and DeVore, 1989). In temperate and cold environments plant foods are not available for a number of months in the winter and spring. Thus, “plant foods are often available only during short seasons” (Gamble, 1993, p. 117) and compared to warmer environments there would have been fewer edible plant species, and a concomitant requirement for increased reliance on animals . . . and the obvious problem of keeping warm, including the likely necessity of controlling and even making fire. In effect, these northern temperate environments “pushed the envelope” of Homo’s adaptation (Wynn, 2002, p. 400).

Which one are you actually claiming is caused by temperature differences?

The failure of Japan to develop economically until the late nineteenth century is largely attributable to a regulated economy and to isolation from the rest of the world. This isolation was deliberately imposed by the rulers because of their fear of the potentially subversive effects of foreign influences. Portuguese traders established contact with Japan in the sixteenth century. Missionaries followed and began to convert the Japanese to Christianity. The Japanese rulers perceived this as a threat, and in 1637 they prohibited all foreigners from Japan and all Japanese from traveling abroad. The only exceptions to this prohibition were that Dutch merchants were allowed to call once a year to trade on the island of Deshima in the Bay of Nagasaki, and Chinese merchants were allowed to trade in Nagasaki city. The importation of European books was banned and those from China were checked by censors before being allowed in. These prohibitions lasted until 1854, when an American naval officer, Commander Perry, forced the Japanese to open the country up to American and other traders.

In 1867-68, a revolution occurred and the Meiji Restoration re-established the control of the emperor. The new rulers embarked on a program to modernize the country by adopting Western education and technology and by freeing up the economy. Compulsory education for four years was introduced and was increased to six years in 1907. There were no universities in Japan until 1877, when the University of Tokyo was established, shortly followed by six more universities in major cities. These were modeled after the German universities with their strong departments of science, engineering, and technology. The economy was liberalized by the abolition of a number of state monopolies that were transferred to private corporations. As a result of these reforms, industries grew rapidly and by the end of the nineteenth century Japan had become a formidable industrial and military power. In 1895, Japan fought and defeated China and annexed Taiwan. In 1904, Japan fought and won a war with Russia. In World War I, Japan fought on the side of Britain and France and at its conclusion annexed Korea. “Henceforth Japan was a world power, with a first-class economy” (Thomas, 1981, p. 661). In World War II, Japan was an ally with Germany. Japan was initially successful in the war in eastern Asia, where she defeated the British and occupied the British colonies of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia. She also occupied the Philippines. Despite ultimate defeat as a result of the atom bomb, Japan rapidly rebuilt its industrial and economic strength and by the 1980s had achieved approximately the same per capita GDP as Britain, Germany, France, and the rest of northwest Europe.

In addition to low intelligence as a “missing element,” some of the factors that Collier and Gunning propose as contributing to the low economic growth of sub-Saharan Africa are themselves attributable to a low level of intelligence in the populations. One of the major factors identified by economists as responsible for the low economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa is the poor quality of the political leadership that has generally instituted socialistic, protectionist, regulatory, and monopolistic programs. Collier and Gunning conclude that this has been the single most important factor retarding economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa and write that “the degree of hostility of many African governments to private product markets is surely astonishing” (p. 99). A similar conclusion has been reached by Sachs and Warner (1999, p. 335) who conclude that “We find that poor economic policies have played an especially important part in the slow growth, most importantly in Africa’s lack of openness to international markets.” However, these economists have not asked why the political leaders in sub-Saharan Africa have so consistently mismanaged their countries’ economies. In the last resort, much of this mismanagement must be attributed to the political leaders’ inadequate intelligence and their failure to understand that free markets are the most efficient form of economic organization.

Villarreala finds that there is “evidence of profound social stratification by skin color.” Individuals with darker skin tone have significantly lower levels of educational attainment and occupational status, and they are more likely to live in poverty and less likely to be affluent, even after controlling for other individual characteristics (2010, pg. 652). The results “indicate a very strong association between respondents’ skin color and their educational attainment. Individuals with darker skin tones have substantially lower education levels (pg. 665).” For instance, the odds of having a college education or more are 29.5 percent lower for respondents who are light brown compared with those who are white. Similarly, the odds of having a college education are 57.6 percent lower for respondents who are dark brown compared with those who are white (pgs. 665 66).

The validity of the IQs is the question of the extent to which they provide genuine or valid measures of the cognitive abilities of samples. It has often been argued that the peoples who obtain low IQs are really just as intelligent as Europeans, but the tests are biased against them. The issue of test bias has been discussed at length by Jensen (1980) in his book Bias in Mental Tests, in which he demonstrates that the assumption that tests are biased towards Westerners is simply not tenable. Individuals and races that do well on intelligence tests also tend to do well in education, earnings, job performance, and socioeconomic status (Jensen, 1980, 1998; Herrnstein and Murray, 1994). An Australian psychologist, Murray Dyck, (1996, p. 67) has given this verdict on the “bias” thesis: The evidence indicates that cognitive tests are equally reliable across races, are of equivalent item difficulty across races, yield similar subtest correlations…and factor analyses yield similar results. The question of whether standard ability tests are culturally biased has been answered: they are not.

During the last 200,000 years, the ancestors of the contemporary sub-Saharan Africans continued to inhabit the tropical and sub-tropical environments of equatorial sub-Saharan Africa. This environment was not strongly cognitively demanding for them, and primates had adapted to it for some 60 million years. The hominids up to and including Homo erectus were largely plant eaters, but they supplemented their diets with scavenging the carcasses of animals killed by lions, leopards, and cheetahs (Lee, 1968; Tooby and de Vore, 1989). The evolving Africans lived much as hunter-gatherer peoples in tropical and sub-tropical environments do today,subsisting largely on plant foods, of which numerous species are available throughout the year, and on insects and eggs, with only occasional supplementation from animal meats obtained from hunting. The ready availability of plant foods, insects, and eggs throughout the year meant that the evolving sub-Saharan African peoples in tropical and sub tropical Africa did not have to hunt animals to obtain meat.

The humans that evolved in equatorial Africa were largely herbivorous and were not adapted for hunting large mammals, so this would have presented new cognitive problems for them.

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Another was cliffs towards which a group of men could drive a herd of herbivores, so that some of them would fall over the edge and be killed (or sufficiently injured for other members of the hunting group to kill them). Other natural traps were bogs and the loops of rivers, into which hunting groups could drive herbivores and then kill them. Archaeological excavations have shown that all these traps were used by early humans in Eurasia

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Like other peoples who have evolved in tropical and subtropical environments, the New Guineans and the Australian Aborigines were able to live on plant foods, insects, and eggs throughout the year. When the Australian Aborigines were studied in the desert of Western Australia in the 20th century, their diet remained largely unchanged: they obtained 70–80 percent of their food from plants and most of the remainder from eggs and insects. They had no well-developed group hunting techniques (Gould, 1969). It has been estimated that the Gadio people, a tribe of New Guineans, obtain 96 percent of their food from plants and only four percent from meat (Dornstreich, 1973).

A negro with his taboos is far superior to a human who firmly believes in Transubstantiation. - Adolf Hitler, December 13, 1941

The dirt was visible on the blacks only when the missionaries, in order to teach them decorum, obliged them to wear clothes. In its natural state, the negro is very clean. For a missionary, the smell of dirt is agreeable. From this point of view, they themselves are the dirtiest pigs. They have water horrors. Adolf Hitler, February 19, 1942

By about 10,000 years ago, when the ended and the ice sheets and tundra that covered northern Europe receded, the Europeans emerged with higher intelligence shown by an increase in their encephalization quotients (EQ), i.e. brain size in relation to body size. Richard Cutler (1976) estimated that preWürm Europeans had an EQ of 7.3, and by the end of the Würm glaciation they had an EQ of 8.1. With this increased intelligence, Europeans were able to make the Neolithic transition from hunter-gathering to settled agriculture. However, despite their high IQ, they were not able to develop early civilizations, such as those built by the South Asians and North Africans, mainly because the continent was still cold, covered with forest, and featured heavy soils that were difficult to plough. This environment was unlike that in which the early civilizations were built, which had light soils and river flood plains, which provided annual alluvial deposits that allowed for agricultural surpluses, which could sustain an urban civilization and intellectual class (Landes, 1998). From around 2500 BC, the Europeans overcame these problems in the relatively benign climate of southern Europe, where they developed the first European civilizations in Crete and Greece. From around 700 BC, the Italians began to build a civilization that eventually became the Roman Empire; by AD 200, they embraced the whole of Europe west of the Rhine, including the Danube basin, the Near East, and North Africa. These first European civilizations in Greece and Rome surpassed those of the South Asians and North Africans in science, mathematics, technology, literature, philosophy, and the arts. The western Roman Empire had collapsed by the end of the 5th century AD, and European culture suffered a setback in the ensuing period, commonly called the Dark Ages. However, from about the year AD 1,000, it revived, and by the year 1500, Europeans became the foremost people in virtually all areas of civilization (Murray, 2003).

The reason on whites's material evolvement rather than East Asians

A low level of social conformity and an element of psychopathic personality appear to be ingredients in creative achievement because they reduce anxiety about social disapproval and appear to facilitate the generation of the original ideas that are required for the highest levels of scientific discovery, artistic expression, and economic enterprise.There is also evidence for lower levels of creativity in the East Asians (Lynn, 2007). Another factor may be an historical accident, which has been discussed by Erich Weede and Sebastian Kampf (2002): throughout much of its history, China was a single state whose autocratic rulers were able to suppress liberties, including freedom of thought, more effectively than the rulers of the numerous European states, who were forced by competition to concede liberties to their peoples.

We were ready to throw our forces into the scales for the preservation of the British Empire; and all that, mark you, at a time when, to tell the truth, I feel much more sympathetically inclined to the lowliest Hindu than to any of these arrogant islanders. Later on, the Germans will be pleased that they did not make any contribution to the survival of an out-dated state of affairs for which the world of the future would have found it hard to forgive them. We can with safety make one prophecy: whatever the outcome of this war, the British Empire is at an end. It has been mortally wounded. The future of the British people is to die of hunger and tuberculosis in their cursed island. - Adolf Hitler, 4th February 1945

Spain, France and England had all weakened, weakened and exhausted themselves in this futile colonial enterprise. The continent from which Spain and England gave birth, which they created piece by piece, has today acquired a completely independent way of life and completely selfish views. Even so, they were just an artificial world, without a soul, culture, or civilization of their own; and judging from that point of view, they were nothing more than dirt.  - Adolf Hitler, 7th February 1945

The United States and Australia afford good examples. Success, certainly - but only on the material side. They are artificial edifices, bodies without age, of which it is it is impossible to say whether they are still in a state of infancy or whether they have already been touched by senility. In those continents which were inhabited, failure has been even more marked. In them, the white races have impose their will by force, and the influence they have had on the native inhabitants has been negligible. - Adolf Hitler, 7th February 1945

The white races did, of course, give some things to the natives, and they were the worst gifts that they could possibly have made, those plagues of our own modern world-materialism, fanaticism, alcoholism and syphilis. For the rest, since these peoples possessed qualities of their own which were superior to anything we could offer them, they have remained essentially unchanged. Where imposition by force was attempted, the results were even more disastrous, and common sense, realizing the futility of such measures, should preclude any recourse to their introduction. One solitary success must be conceded to the colonizers: everywhere they have succeeded in arousing hatred, a hatred that urges these peoples, awakened from their slumbers by us, to rise and drive us out. - Adolf Hitler, 7th February 1945

Transplant a German to Kiev, and he remains a perfect German. But transplant him to Miami, and you make a degenerate of him - in other words, an American - Adolf Hitler, 7th February, 1945

I have never liked France or the French, and I have never stopped saying so. ... - Adolf Hitler, 15th February 1945

I have always abstained from criticizing or passing judgment on Italy. I have on the contrary always been at great pains to treat her as an equal. Unfortunately, the laws of nature have shown that it is a mistake to treat as equals those who are not your equals. - Adolf Hitler, 17th February 1945

First, in temperate and cold climates, females became dependent on males for provisioning them with food because they were unable to hunt, whereas in the tropics women were able to gather plant foods for themselves. For this, women would have required higher intelligence to select as mates the men who would provision them. Second, women would have selected as mates men who could provision them and their children, and these would have been men with higher intelligence. This is a case of sexual selection, identified by Darwin as one of the driving forces of evolution. In the tropics, where women could collect plant and insect foods that are available throughout the year, women did not need men to provision them and would have been less prone to select men with high intelligence as mates.

A fourth selection pressure for enhanced intelligence acting on the peoples who migrated into Eurasia has been proposed by Satoshi Kanazawa (2008). He argues that intelligence evolved in hominids to solve novel problems, and that Eurasia presented migrants with these. He shows that mean annual temperature and the novelty of the environments have independent effects on the average intelligence of populations in different parts of the world. This theory has received some support from Valerie Stone (2002, p.420) who writes, “The major selection pressures acting on Homo erectus seem to have been those of foragers moving into new habitats with unfamiliar food resources. Archaic Homo sapiens, in contrast, were big game hunters and faced somewhat different selection pressures”—i.e., those of catching and killing large animals.

Geiger's father Scott Hoffman told the World-Herald that his son was 6-foot-3½ and 389 pounds and didn't have any known medical conditions.

"He was a big kid, but he was a healthy big kid," he said.