Author Topic: Aryan hydraulic empire  (Read 592 times)

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Re: Aryan hydraulic empire
« on: February 06, 2021, 11:37:04 pm »
The Ancient Peruvian Mystery Solved From Space
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The puquios were a “sophisticated hydraulic system constructed to retrieve water from underground aquifers,” says Rosa Lasaponara of the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, in Italy. And they transformed this inhospitable region.
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“What is clearly evident today is that the puquio system must have been much more developed than it appears today,” says Lasaponara. “Exploiting an inexhaustible water supply throughout the year the puquio system contributed to an intensive agriculture of the valleys in one of the most arid places in the world.”

A series of canals brought the water, trapped underground, to the areas where it was needed; anything left was stored in surface reservoirs. To help keep it moving, chimneys were excavated above the canals in the shape of corkscrewing funnels. These funnels let wind into the canals, which forced the water through the system.

“The puquios were the most ambitious hydraulic project in the Nasca area and made water available for the whole year, not only for agriculture and irrigation but also for domestic needs,” says Lasaponara, who has written about her satellite studies in Ancient Nasca World: New Insights from Science and Archaeology, published in 2017.

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The origin of the puquios has remained a mystery to researchers because it was not possible to use traditional carbon dating techniques on the tunnels. Nor did the Nasca leave any clues as to their origin. Like many other South American cultures they had no writing system.
https://getpocket.com/explore/item/the-ancient-peruvian-mystery-solved-from-space?utm_source=pocket-newtab


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Puquios are systems of subterranean aqueducts found the deserts of southern Peru and northern Chile. Of 36 known puquios in Peru, most still function and are relied upon to bring fresh water into the desert.[1]

The puquios first became a subject of study in the early 20th century,[2] although they had been known before, but historic evidence was scarce. Around 1900 it was noted there were puquios, locally known as socavones (lit. shafts), spread through the oases of Atacama Desert.[3] Today puquios, in various states of use and decay, are known to exists in the valleys of Azapa and Sibaya and the oases of La Calera, Pica-Matilla and Puquio de Núñez.[3]

For some time, scholars disagreed on whether they were built by pre-Hispanic peoples or during the Spanish colonial era, because of a lack of evidence.

The first known historical writing to refer to them was in 1605 by Reginaldo de Lizárraga. Some scholars believe this suggests that the works were built by the Spanish.[4] But none of the available Spanish texts mentions a project to build the puquios,[5] nor do they describe such existing water systems.[6] The theory of a Spanish origin holds that the puquio technique is not substantially different from Spanish techniques used from the early conquest to drain mines.[7] An early example is the mine of Potosí that was drained by subterranean canals as early 1556 following instructions of Florentine engineer Nicolás de Benito.[7]

In 1918 geologist Juan Brüggen mentioned the existence of 23 socavones (shafts) in the Pica oasis, yet these have since then been abandoned due to economic and social changes.[3] The puquios of Pica-Matilla and Puquio Núñez tap the Pica Aquifer.[3]
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The puquios of Nazca are thought to have been built by both the Paracas and Nasca cultures. The former group occupied the area roughly between 800 BCE and 200 BCE, and the Nasca from 200 BCE to 650 CE[8] near the city of Nazca, Peru.

The technology of puquios is similar to that of the qanats of Iran and Makhmur, Iraq, and other ancient filtration galleries known in numerous societies in the Old World and China, which appear to have been developed independently.[9] They are a sophisticated way to provide water from underground aquifers in arid regions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquios