Author Topic: Turanian diffusion  (Read 4148 times)

90sRetroFan

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Turanian diffusion
« on: August 21, 2020, 11:54:05 pm »
OLD CONTENT

www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6865741/The-violent-group-people-lived.html

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The most violent group of people who ever lived: Horse-riding Yamnaya tribe who used their huge height and muscular build to brutally murder and invade their way across Europe more than 4,000 years ago
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They would murder men and sire their own children so that within a few generations the presence of the previous societies is all but eradicated.
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Yamnaya people arrived in Eastern Europe approximately 5,000 years ago and their culture and customs spread rapidly to both the east and the west.

They then interbred with the Corded Ware people in central Europe, with later generations inheriting a significant amount of Yamnaya DNA.
...
Ancient DNA reveals these migrants were well nourished, tall and muscular. Some archaeologists also argue that the warrior tribe consisted of skilled horsemen.

'It looks like they lived mostly on meat and milk products,' says Professor Kristiansen.
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This theory is backed up by David Reich at Harvard Medical School who is due to release a piece of research stating the Yumnaya orchestrated a systematic genocide of Neolithic men.
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Forty per cent of all males had a Y chromosome linked to Yumnaya, indicating after the cultures met, only Yumnaya men were procreating.

The collision of these two populations was not a friendly one, not an equal one, but one where the males from outside were displacing local males and did so almost completely,' Reich told New Scientist Live in September.

'It's the only way to explain that no male Neolithic lines survived.'

This could account for why lactose tolerance became so common in the region so quickly: the population of milk-drinking men massacred the population of non-milk-drinking men! I am so proud to be lactose intolerant!

It also explains why I have always instinctively despised mesomorphs. And equestrian sports, of course (as I have mentioned many times in the past).

One day we will have to thoroughly de-Turanize the gene pool.

The article also includes an appendix about Aryan diffusion:

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The Neolithic Revolution was the world's first verifiable revolution in agriculture.

It began in Britain between about 5000 BC and 4500 BC but spread across Europe from origins in Syria and Iraq between about 11000 BC and 9000 BC.

The period saw the widespread transition of many disparate human cultures from nomadic hunting and gathering practices to ones of farming and building small settlements.

The revolution was responsible for turning small groups of travellers into settled communities who built villages and towns.

Some cultures used irrigation and made forest clearings to better their farming techniques.

Others stored food for times of hunger, and farming eventually created different roles and divisions of labour in societies as well as trading economies.

There is also a link to a New Scientist article that apparently goes into more detail, but requires subscription to read (below is all that I could get from the preview):

www.newscientist.com/article/mg24132230-200-story-of-most-murderous-people-of-all-time-revealed-in-ancient-dna/

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THE iconic sarsen stones at Stonehenge were erected some 4500 years ago. Although the monument’s original purpose is still disputed, we now know that within a few centuries it became a memorial to a vanished people. By then, almost every Briton, from the south coast of England to the north-east tip of Scotland, had been wiped out by incomers. It isn’t clear exactly why they disappeared so rapidly. But a picture of the people who replaced them is emerging.

The migrants’ ultimate source was a group of livestock herders called the Yamnaya who occupied the Eurasian steppe north of the Black Sea and the Caucasus mountains. Britain wasn’t their only destination. Between 5000 and 4000 years ago, the Yamnaya and their descendants colonised swathes of Europe, leaving a genetic legacy that persists to this day. Their arrival coincided with profound social and cultural changes. Burial practices shifted dramatically, a warrior class appeared, and there seems to have been a sharp upsurge in lethal violence. “I’ve become increasingly convinced there must have been a kind of genocide,” says Kristian Kristiansen at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. As he and others piece together the story, one question resounds: were the Yamnaya the most murderous people in history?

Before about 5000 years ago, Neolithic Europe was inhabited by people much like those who raised Stonehenge. They were farmers with an urge to work together and build large stone structures. “It looks like these people were quite communal,” says Kristiansen. And that community spirit continued into the afterlife: many of …

The wrong side won back then. But the war never ended. Final victory can still be ours.

---

I have watched WN fashion shift over the years from previously preferring to self-identify with Ice Age Giants to now preferring to self-identify with Pelasgians/Vanir. I noted this all the way back here:

aryanism.net/blog/aryan-sanctuary/western-civilization-late-20th-century-pop-culture/comment-page-2/#comment-170659

I might as well repaste the enemy stuff here directly:

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The author views the Trojan Wars as an unconscious metaphor for the clash of the civilizations that resulted from the arrival of the Indo-Europeans in the eastern Mediterranean. Instead of the meeting of Achilles and Hector, “it is a deathly confrontation of two ways of understanding the world.” The language of the Iliad symbolizes this clash: words like “city,” “battlements,” “walls,” and “gates” are juxtaposed against the “flatlands,” the “open plain” and the “pedion,” over which Achilles runs like “a being radiant with horror, bringing evil and pain to men.”[xiii] For the author no two worlds could be more different than “the grasslands of the steppes north of the Black Sea [the Indo-European homeland] and the craggy broken boundaries of the Mediterranean.”[xiv] This dialectical tension between steppe and city-dweller is reflected in a key Homeric theme: the Greeks’ deep “distrust of the potential for unmanliness in the city, whose beauties and order are nevertheless deeply desirable.”[xv]

He asserts that: “Only in reference to Indo-European aristocratic berserkers … can we speak in Hegelian terms of a fight to the death for the sake of pure prestige.”[xxi] Prestige-motivated fighting pervades both Homeric epics. In the Iliad the first fighting does not begin until 2,380 lines into the story, but thereafter the blood flows, increasingly, with an increasing intensity and savagery, until, as Nicolson notes, “the climax comes in the crazed berserker frenzy of Achilles’s grief-fuelled rampage through the Trojans. The culmination is the death of Hector, when steppe-man finally meets and kills the man of the city.”[xxii]

Achilles, the “city destroyer” who is the ultimate symbol of an Indo-European warrior elite that was “ferociously male in its focus, with male gods and a cultivation of violence, with no great attention paid to dwellings or public buildings, but a fascination with weaponry, speed and violence.”[xxv] Even in the world of the Iliad, Achilles’ homeland in Thessaly is further north than that of any other character. For Nicolson, “Achilles carries a pre-southern, pre-urban, pre-complicated world of purity and integrity within him.”[xxvi]

The willingness of Achilles to defy the authority of King Agamemnon is certainly illustrative of Duchesne’s culture of “aristocratic egalitarianism” where a leader is regarded as a “first among equals.” It is only natural, therefore, that Achilles “cannot tolerate the overarching kingliness of Agamemnon.”[xxvii] When Odysseus intercedes between Agamemnon and Achilles he suppresses the former’s injunction for Achilles to “submit himself to me, since I am so much more kingly,” because he knows that “the steppe consciousness of Achilles will not accept an overking.”[xxviii]

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the classical Greeks were baffled by Homer’s dislike of fish which they regarded as the ultimate delicacy. They couldn’t comprehend why Homer’s heroes ate beef when they were so often located next to prime fishing spots. For Nicolson, this contempt for fish was “likely a steppe land inheritance, from the time when a large herd of meaty animals was one of the identifying marks of a king or hero.”[v]

The heroes of the Indo-European warrior world were men whose individuality was commemorated in large single burials, often under prominent mounds called “kurgans” on highly visible places among grazing grounds cleared for their herds. Meat mattered in this warrior world, largely as a symbol of portable wealth when alive, and for feasting when dead and cooked.

According to the author: “Homer is full of half-buried memories like this of that northern past which hint at a non-Mediterranean world, far from water, far from cities, land-locked, dominated by an enormous sky, horse-rich, focused on flocks and herds and the meat they provide, violent, noble and heroic. This steppe-world is the place from which Achilles comes. It is not the Homeric foreground, because Homer is inconceivable without sailing ships, cities and the sea — without everything that is bound up with the name of “Troy”: civilization, the sea-borne raid, the connection to the east — but that other northern place lurks as a kind of murmured ancestral layer, a sub-conscious.[vii]“

This shift has occurred in concord with the extent to which they have increasingly Judaized their own thinking via incorporating extreme sexism and homophobia into WN (previously purely racist without being particularly sexist/homophobic) to create the Alt-Right.

---

This perfectly coincides with shift in WN ideology from Neo Nazism to Turanism. For example weev (jew) admits that he is not a national socialist, but instead identifies more with franco (jew). .

web.archive.org/web/20181226114853/http://weev.net/a-response-to-paul-ramseys-boomerposting-proof-of-his-financial-sponsorship-from-the-state/

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For years now every time I am asked a sincere question about Hitler, National Socialism, or my political ideology I talk about memes and how I don’t actually think the record of Hitler is great at all. I usually identify with the governance style of Franco or Vargas, who managed to implement fascism without getting involved in massive world wars. Here’s an instance from February of last year to show I’m not making this up:

He also happens to be an Odinist (Vanir). Then there's the fact that many in the alt right strongly support putin (eurasianism) because he upholds traditional gender roles.

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90sRetroFan

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #1 on: August 21, 2020, 11:54:24 pm »
OLD CONTENT contd.

e-history.kz/en/publications/view/on_how_tengrism_affected_the_ethnic_identity_and_culture_of_turkicmongolian_people__4114

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Due to certain reasons, the culture of nomadic societies was formed as a militant civilization. Most researchers express different points of view in regards to the emergence of this type of civilization. A prominent scholar Kradina, for example, in her article entitled "Nomads in the world-historical process" mentions about the aspects of the development of the nomadic society as such: "The need for the unification of nomads arises only in the case of wars for the resources of existence, the organization of plundering of farmers or expansion into their territory, in establishing control over trade routes. In this situation, the folding of a complex political organization of nomads in the form of nomadic empires is both a product of integration and a consequence of the conflict (between nomads and farmers)”.

However, it must be mentioned that for a successful waging of wars, a powerful military organization was needed. Researchers managed to notice an interesting circumstance that the degree of centralization of nomads was directly proportional to the magnitude of the neighbouring agricultural civilization.

Another model of political genesis, applicable to the origin of the steppe empires, is "commercial". Its main premise is that foreign trade exchange with the subsequent redistribution of rare and prestigious goods among subjects is an important component of the power of the leaders and rulers of early states. The stability of the steppe empires directly depended on the ability of the highest authority to organize the receipt of silk, agricultural products, handicrafts and exquisite jewellery from sedentary territories. Since these products could not be produced in a cattle-breeding farm, obtaining it by force or extortion was the primary responsibility of the ruler of the nomadic society. As the only mediator between China and the Steppe, the ruler of the nomadic society had the opportunity to control the redistribution of the extraction received from China, and thereby he strengthened his own power. This made it possible to maintain an empire that could not exist on the basis of an extensive pastoral economy.

All this predetermined the dual nature of the "steppe empires". Outwardly, they looked despotic, conquering state-like societies, since they were created to seize the surplus product from outside the Steppe. But from within, the nomadic empires remained based on tribal links without establishing taxation and exploitation of pastoralists. The power of the ruler of the steppe society, as a rule, was not based on the possibility of applying legitimate violence, but on his ability to organize military campaigns and redistribute revenues from trade, tribute and raids to neighbouring countries" [1].

The self-identification of the Kazakhs was built on the basis of a rigid value-based antithetical "us-them", where "us" - is the universal norm and the model, whereas "them" - any and all settled agricultural people and cultures is a paradigmatic set of anomalies. The attitude of the nomads to the culture and way of life of settled agricultural peoples was selectively critical, if not frankly nihilistic. In one of the legends about the origin of the three Kazakh zhuzes, recorded by Mashhur Zhussup Kopeev, the jigits sent to conquer new lands were so responsive to the envoys of the khan on the command given to them to return: "Do not tell us about the return and do not come back yourself. Why should you go back to the region where the horses grow old at five, and the jigits at twenty-five, where only the chicken is known from the birds, and from the lessons - plucking the grass, where the men are like nags, and women - on their minds, where they change Malakhai to the skull-cap, where the knife is changed to a spoon, where there is no other joy like serving Sarts, carrying salt in the summer, and wood and coal in the summer, and serving Sarts, whose vaunted upbringing consists only in eating a wheat cake and drinking with millet soup, at best, being content with the thigh of a tiny quail" [2].

The core of the social relations of nomads and the basic value of a worldview is a kin-generational principle, which is the fundamental principle of self-identification of the individual with both the community and the natural habitat, primarily from the territories as a continuation of one's natural being [8].

Nothing has changed. Literally nothing. Even rightist stereotypes of leftists today ("soyboy" etc.) are thematically identical to the old nomadic stereotypes of peasants.

About the term "Sarts":

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sart

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It is thus very difficult to attach a single ethnic or even linguistic meaning to the term "Sart". Historically the various Turkic and Persian peoples of Central Asia were identified mostly by their lifestyle, rather than by any notional ethnic or even linguistic difference. The Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Turkmens were nomads, herding across steppes, mountains and sand deserts, respectively. The settled Turks and Tajiks, on the other hand, were Sarts, as they either lived in cities such as Khiva, Bukhara or Samarkand, or they lived in rural agricultural communities.

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www.upi.com/Science_News/2020/03/02/5000-year-old-milk-proteins-show-dairy-pastoralisms-effect-on-Eurasian-steppe/9711583167334/

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Scientists analyzed the chemical makeup of dental calculus, or plaque, extracted from human teeth dated from the Early Bronze Age to the Mongol Period. More than three-quarters of the individuals tested revealed evidence of dairy consumption.

The extensive nature of the milk consumption suggests the practice was introduced even earlier than 3,000 B.C.

Previous genetic surveys have linked the people of prehistoric Mongolia with herder populations of the western steppe. The connection suggests populations from Russia's Atlai mountains likely brought dairy pastoralism with them as they traveled east.

www.horsetalk.co.nz/2020/03/08/early-evidence-horse-milk-consumption/

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Milk proteins were identified in the dental calculus of 72% of the individuals.

The earliest individual to show evidence of dairy consumption lived around 5000 years ago and consumed milk from ruminant species, such as cattle, sheep, or goats.

This is the earliest evidence of milk consumption ever to have been identified in East Asia.
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The findings push back estimates of dairying in the eastern Steppe by more than 1700 years.

This is why I hate the Western category "Mongoloid", which in accurate usage should only refer to eastern steppe Turanians, but in mainstream usage has been used to refer to (in many cases negligibly Turanian) West Pacific populations as a whole. (The Western category "Caucasoid" is not much better in this regard either, for equivalent reasons.)

The truth is that eastern steppe Turanians and western steppe Turanians clearly are more evolutionarily similar to each other than to their respective non-Turanian neighbours.

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Regarding Turanists in India, Iran, etc., I would say it is incorrect to refer to Turanists as "nationalists" since their allegiance is to the Turanian diaspora (including from countries other than their own), not to any nation-state or folk, similar to Jews. They are tribalists, plain and simple.

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phys.org/news/2020-04-neolithic-genomes-modern-day-switzerland-parallel.html

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Towards the end of the Neolithic period, the emergence of archaeological finds from Corded Ware Complex cultural groups (CWC) coincides with the arrival of new ancestry components from the Pontic-Caspian steppe, but exactly when these new peoples arrived and how they mixed with indigenous Europeans remains unclear.

To find out, an international team led by researchers from the University of Tübingen, the University of Bern and the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH) sequenced the genomes of 96 individuals from 13 Neolithic and early Bronze Age sites in Switzerland, southern Germany and the Alsace region of France. They detect the arrival of this new ancestry as early as 2800 BCE, and suggest that genetic dispersal was a complex process, involving the gradual mixture of parallel, highly genetically structured societies. The researchers also identified one of the oldest known Europeans that was lactose tolerant, dating to roughly 2100 BCE.

"Remarkably, we identified several female individuals without any detectable steppe-related ancestry up to 1000 years after this ancestry arrives in the region," says lead author Anja Furtwängler of the University of Tübingen's Institute for Archeological Sciences.
...
These results show that CWC was a relatively homogenous population that occupied large parts of Central Europe in the early Bronze Age, but they also show that populations without steppe-related ancestry existed parallel to the CWC cultural groups for hundreds of years.

This is what we need to get back to.

90sRetroFan

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #2 on: August 22, 2020, 12:03:11 am »
https://harvardmagazine.com/2020/09/right-now-did-milk-build-mongol-empire

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nomadic cultures leave only limited archaeological evidence of their lifeways behind—mortuary mounds with occasional animal-bone offerings are the prime archaeological feature of the Eastern Steppe. Now a scientist interested in reconstructing ancient diets and understanding the evolution of the human microbiome has begun to assemble new types of evidence suggesting that the ability to build a succession of empires on the Eurasian Steppe has been predicated, at least in part, on dairying: the widespread production and consumption of horse, sheep, goat, cow, and other milks and milk products that sustained and tied nomadic tribes together culturally across vast distances.
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In new research described in Nature Ecology & Evolution, Warinner and her coauthors use dental calculus to show that around 3000 b.c., ruminant dairying rapidly spread thousands of kilometers across the Eurasian Steppe, from the north Caucusus region near the Black Sea to as far east as Mongolia, in the span of only a few centuries. There, the grasslands, although inhospitable to grain agriculture, provided abundant nutrition for grazing animals and supported the production of a wide variety of dairy-based foods for humans.
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the use of horses led to a transformative expansion of dairying culture. Horses travel farther and faster than other ruminants, she points out, thereby enhancing herding capacity, access to pasturage, and the control of larger territories. And in winter, they dig instinctually for snow-covered grasses, exposing it for sheep, goats, and cattle, which would otherwise starve. “Horses,” explains Warinner, “made the whole dairy-based economy work better and more efficiently.” The stage was set for the rise of nomadic empires.

90sRetroFan

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #3 on: September 18, 2020, 04:16:39 am »
https://www.sciencecodex.com/lactose-tolerance-spread-throughout-europe-only-few-thousand-years-655763

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"We conclude that over the past 3,000 years, lactase-persistent individuals had more children or, alternatively, those children had better chances of survival than those without this trait." The researchers calculate a remarkable selective advantage: "In each generation lactase-persistent individuals have a six percent greater chance of surviving to reproductive age than non-lactase-persistent individuals," added Professor Joachim Burger.

Guess who these were!

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Back in 2007, Burger and his team established that almost none of the first sedentary farmers in Europe were lactase-persistent. "It is astonishing that at the time of the battle at the Tollense, more than 4,000 years after the introduction of agriculture in Europe, lactase persistence in adults was still so rare," said Burger.

It is not astonishing at all. Aryans do not even drink milk, so what reason had we to evolve lactose tolerance?

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However, there is as yet no definitive answer to the question: Why did being able to digest the sugar in milk after infancy provide such a big evolutionary advantage?" With milk being a high-energy, relatively uncontamined drink, its ingestion may have provided greater chances of survival during food shortages or when supplies of drinking water were contaminated. Particularly during early childhood, in the years shortly after weaning, this factor often may have been decisive amongst prehistoric populations," Burger concluded.

Anyone want to bet the Turanian milk-drinkers were the ones who deliberately contaminated our water supply, knowing they would be unaffected by it?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_poisoning
« Last Edit: September 18, 2020, 04:18:45 am by 90sRetroFan »

90sRetroFan

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #4 on: September 21, 2020, 02:21:12 am »
What we basically already knew:

https://www.heritagedaily.com/2020/05/bronze-age-dna-shows-direct-genetic-link-to-current-inhabitants-of-southern-poland/128244

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She said: “We have determined that members of communities related to the Mierzanowice, Strzyżów and Trzciniec cultures (which existed from 2,400 to 1,100 BC) genetically resembled populations from the steppe near the Black Sea area and their descendants, including the communities associated with the Corded Ware culture.”
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According to Dr. Juras, the population associated with the Strzyżów culture has genetically most in common with steppe communities.

The descendants of people associated with the Strzyżów culture could have come to the lands of present-day south-eastern Poland with the first migration from the steppe during the late Neolithic. But they formed an isolated population that developed independently of the Corded Ware culture community. It is also possible that later in the Bronze Age there was an additional migration of people from the steppe.

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/c-7yo052020.php

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French prehistory was punctuated by two waves of migration: the first during the Neolithic period, about 6,300 years ago, the second during the Bronze Age, about 4,200 years ago.
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Admixture of the Neolithic populations with those from the Pontic steppes**, who arrived 4,200 years ago in what is now France, also left a lasting imprint, with the Y chromosome of the majority of French men still bearing the signature of men from the steppes.

90sRetroFan

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #5 on: November 16, 2020, 11:47:41 pm »
https://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing/ancient-dna-sequences-spell-out-population-history-eastern-eurasian-steppe-region#.X7NfZlARVPY

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"The population history of the Eastern Steppe is one marked by the repeated mixing of diverse eastern and western Eurasian gene pools," they wrote. "However, rather than simple waves of migration, demographic events on the Eastern Steppe have been complex and variable."

Their results suggested that hunter-gatherer individuals from the area were genetically related to hunter-gatherers from sites in the Russian Far East and western Baikal area around the same time, for example, together forming an "Ancient Northeast Asian" group.

The genetic data also pointed to an Early Bronze Age expansion of pastoralist herding populations from the Western Steppe into Mongolia, the team reported. By the Late Bronze Age, meanwhile, Mongolian populations were marked by ancestry from three different groups known for dairy pastoralism that mixed with one another in the lead up to the emergence of the Xiongnu Empire.

It is simpler to call them all Turanians.

90sRetroFan

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #6 on: December 24, 2020, 02:33:23 am »
Nothing we didn't expect:

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/38/eabb0030

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Our paleogenetic study of pre- and protohistoric horses in Anatolia and the Caucasus, based on a diachronic sample from the early Neolithic to the Iron Age (~8000 to ~1000 BCE) that encompasses the presumed transition from wild to domestic horses (4000 to 3000 BCE), shows the rapid and large-scale introduction of domestic horses at the end of the third millennium BCE. Thus, our results argue strongly against autochthonous independent domestication of horses in Anatolia.
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Because northern Eurasia, and in particular the Pontic-Caspian steppe, is currently the most likely origin for the domestic horses brought into Anatolia, there are two possible introductory routes, one via southeastern Europe and one via the Caucasus.
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our identification of several allochthonous mitochondrial lineages and coat color mutations appearing broadly contemporaneously in the southern Caucasus and in central Anatolia argues in favor of a dispersal route via the Caucasus.
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Although the cultural processes initiating the dispersal of horse husbandry south of the Caucasus are currently difficult to address, it may relate to human population movements into the Caucasus and subsequently into Anatolia beginning in the late third millennium BCE.

Guess who?

De-Turanization should include phasing out equestrian sports.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism#Criticism_of_horses_in_sport

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Horse racing is a popular equestrian sport which is practiced in many nations around the world. It is inextricably associated with gambling, where in certain events, stakes can become very high. Despite its illegality in most competitions, these conditions of extreme competitiveness can lead to the use of performing-enhancing drugs and extreme training techniques, which can result in negative side effects for the horses' well-being. The races themselves have also proved dangerous to the horses – especially steeplechasing, which requires the horse to jump hurdles whilst galloping at full speed. This can result in injury or death to the horse, as well as the jockey.[48] A study by animal welfare group Animal Aid revealed that approximately 375 racehorses die yearly, with 30% of these either during or as a result of injuries from a race.[49] The report also highlighted the increasing frequency of race-related illnesses, including bleeding lungs (exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage) and gastric ulcers.[49]

Animal rights groups are also primarily concerned that certain sports or training exercises may cause unnecessary pain or injuries to horse athletes. Some specific training or showing practices are so widely condemned that they have been made illegal at the national level and violations can incur criminal penalties. The most well-known is soring, a practice of applying a caustic ointment just above the hooves of a Tennessee Walking Horse to make it pick up its feet higher. However, in spite of a federal law in the United States prohibiting this practice and routine inspections of horse shows by inspectors from the United States Department of Agriculture, soring is still widespread and difficult to eliminate.[50] Some events themselves are also considered so abusive that they are banned in many countries. Among these are horse-tripping, a sport where riders chase and rope a loose-running horse by its front legs, throwing it to the ground.[51]
« Last Edit: December 24, 2020, 02:36:24 am by 90sRetroFan »

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Yamnaya Culture and the Origin of the Germanic Tribes
« Reply #7 on: February 17, 2021, 03:52:45 pm »
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The Yamnaya culture (/ˈjamnaja/), also known as the Yamnaya Horizon,[2] Yamna culture, Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers (the Pontic steppe), dating to 3300–2600 BC.[3] Its name derives from its characteristic burial tradition: Я́мная (romanization: yamnaya) is a Russian adjective that means 'related to pits (yama)', and these people used to bury their dead in tumuli (kurgans) containing simple pit chambers. "Yamna" is the name that is derived from the same word in Ukrainian (ямна, romanization: yamna).

The people of the Yamnaya culture were likely the result of a genetic admixture between the descendants of Eastern European Hunter-Gatherers[a] and people related to hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus.[4] People with this ancestral component are known as Western Steppe Herders.[5] Their material culture was very similar to the Afanasevo culture, and the populations of both cultures are genetically indistinguishable.[1] They lived primarily as nomads, with a chiefdom system and wheeled carts that allowed them to manage large herds.

They are also closely connected to Final Neolithic cultures, which later spread throughout Europe and Central Asia, especially the Corded Ware people and the Bell Beaker culture, as well as the peoples of the Sintashta, Andronovo, and Srubnaya cultures. Back migration from Corded Ware also contributed to Sintashta and Andronovo.[6] In these groups, several aspects of the Yamnaya culture are present. Genetic studies have also indicated that these populations derived large parts of their ancestry from the steppes.[1][7][8][9]

The Yamnaya culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans, and is the strongest candidate for the Urheimat (original homeland) of the Proto-Indo-European language.

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According to Mallory (1999), "The origin of the Yamnaya culture is still a topic of debate," with proposals for its origins pointing to both Khvalynsk and Sredny Stog.[13] The Khvalynsk culture (4700–3800 BCE)[14] (middle Volga) and the Don-based Repin culture (ca.3950–3300 BCE)[15] in the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe, and the closely related Sredny Stog culture (c. 4500–3500 BCE) in the western Pontic-Caspian steppe, preceded the Yamnaya culture (3300–2500 BCE).[16][17]

According to Anthony (2007), the Yamnaya culture (3300–2600 BCE) originated in the Don–Volga area at ca. 3400 BCE,[18][3] preceded by the middle Volga-based Khvalynsk culture and the Don-based Repin culture (c. 3950–3300 BC),[15][3] arguing that late pottery from these two cultures can barely be distinguished from early Yamnaya pottery.[19] Earlier continuity from eneolithic but largely hunter-gatherer Samara culture and influences from the more agricultural Dnieper–Donets II are apparent.

Alternatively, Parpola (2015) relates both the Corded ware culture and the Yamnaya culture to the late Tripolye culture.[20] He hypothesizes that "the Tripolye culture was taken over by PIE speakers by c. 4000 BCE,"[21] and that in its final phase the Tripolye culture expanded to the steppes, morphing into various regional cultures which fused with the late Sredny Stog pastoralist cultures. This gave rise to the Yamnaya culture.[22]

According to Anthony (2007), the early Yamnaya horizon spread quickly across the Pontic–Caspian steppes between c. 3400 and 3200 BC:[18]

    The spread of the Yamnaya horizon was the material expression of the spread of late Proto-Indo-European across the Pontic–Caspian steppes.[23]
    [...] The Yamnaya horizon is the visible archaeological expression of a social adjustment to high mobility – the invention of the political infrastructure to manage larger herds from mobile homes based in the steppes.[24]

According to Pavel Dolukhanov (1996) the emergence of the Pit-Grave culture represents a social development of various local Bronze Age cultures, representing "an expression of social stratification and the emergence of chiefdom-type nomadic social structures", which in turn intensified inter-group contacts between essentially heterogeneous social groups.[25]

In its western range, it was succeeded by the Catacomb culture (2800–2200 BC); in the east, by the Poltavka culture (2700–2100 BC) at the middle Volga. These two cultures were followed by the Srubnaya culture (18th–12th century BC).

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Near East population
See also: Maykop culture, Kura–Araxes culture, and Leyla-Tepe culture

The Near East population were most likely hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus (CHG),[31] though one study suggested that farmers with a CHG component dated to the Chalcolithic era in what is now Iran may be a better fit for the Yamnaya's Near Eastern descent.[35]

Jones et al. (2015) analyzed genomes from males from western Georgia, in the Caucasus, from the Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old) and the Mesolithic (9,700 years old). These two males carried Y-DNA haplogroup: J* and J2a. The researchers found that these Caucasus hunters were probably the source of the Near Eastern DNA in the Yamnaya.[4] Their genomes showed that a continued mixture of the Caucasians with Middle Eastern took place up to 25,000 years ago, when the coldest period in the last Ice Age started.[4]

An analysis carried out by Gallego-Llorente et al. (2016), concludes that Iranian populations are not a likelier source of the 'southern' component in the Yamnaya than Caucasus hunter-gatherers.[36]
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Genetic relationship with the Catacomb culture

A genetic study published in August 2014 examined the DNA of the remains of a number of individuals from the Yamnaya culture and the Catacomb culture, who succeeded the Yamnaya culture as the dominant force on the Pontic steppe. Catacomb people were found to have much higher frequencies of the maternal haplogroups U5 and U4 than people of the Yamnaya culture. Haplogroups U5 and U4 are typical of Western Hunter-Gatherers and Eastern Hunter-Gatherers. A generic similarity between Catacomb people and northern hunter-gatherers, particularly the people of the Pitted Ware culture of southern Scandinavia, was detected. It was suggested that the Catacomb people and the Yamnaya people were not as genetically admixed as previously believed. Interestingly, the modern population of Ukraine was found to be more closely related to people of the Yamnaya culture than people of the Catacomb culture.[37]
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Haplogroups

Haplogroup R1b is the most common Y-DNA haplogroup found among both the Yamnaya and modern-day Western Europeans.[1][7]

Mathieson (2015) analyzed twelve individuals ascribed to the Yamna culture. Eleven belonged to haplogroup R1b, specifically to the R1b-L23 subclade, while one belonged to haplogroup I2a2a1b1b.[8]

Mathieson (2018) analysed a Yamnaya male in Bulgaria. He carried haplogroup I2a2a1b1b.[38]

Wang (2019) analyzed four Yamnaya individuals from the Caucasus. One male carried the paternal R1b1a1a2. With regards to mtDNA, three carried U5a1 or subclades of it, while one carried T2a1.[39]
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Physical characteristics

Examination of physical remains of the Yamnaya people has determined that they were Europoid, tall, and massively built. Their cephalic index varies depending on the region, with brachycephaly being prevalent in its southern and southeastern areas, and dolichocephaly being prevalent in its northeastern areas.[e]

The genetic basis of a number of physical features of the Yamnaya people were ascertained by the ancient DNA (aDNA) studies conducted by Haak et al. (2015), Wilde et al. (2014) and Mathieson et al. (2015): They were genetically tall (phenotypic height is determined by both genetics and environmental factors), overwhelmingly dark-eyed (brown), dark-haired and had a skin colour that was moderately light, though somewhat darker than that of the average modern European.[8][41] Despite their pastoral lifestyle, there was little evidence of lactase persistence.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamnaya_culture


Origin of the Germanic Tribes - BARBARIANS DOCUMENTARY


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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #8 on: March 06, 2021, 09:16:20 pm »
What Happened To Britain's Last Hunter-Gatherers?

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #9 on: May 04, 2021, 02:11:13 am »
https://twitter.com/RichardBSpencer/status/1388633593509863425?s=20
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Richard Spencer
@RichardBSpencer
There's nothing more thrilling than horse racing. I'm, at most, a casual fan, but without fail, I get chills and an adrenaline rush watching the Kentucky Derby. It's pure athleticism; transports us back to the origin of sport.
« Last Edit: May 16, 2021, 02:39:59 am by rp »

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #10 on: May 15, 2021, 08:22:31 pm »
First Horse Warriors - Botai Yamnaya:

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #11 on: May 25, 2021, 01:59:53 pm »
Cult of the Indo-European Sky Father:


The PIE word for sky father is "dyaus pitr". It is no coincidence that it is very similar "Jupiter" or even "Zeus Pater". It is likely they are cognates.
« Last Edit: May 25, 2021, 10:05:43 pm by rp »

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #12 on: July 07, 2021, 02:56:07 am »
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/14/eabd6690.full

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A recent genomic study of a single IA site reported Steppe-related ancestry in eastern Xinjiang (26). Ancient genomic studies in regions around Xinjiang, mostly in the Steppe region, further support the widespread population movement and admixture of western Steppe–related ancestry in the IA (21).
...
All the ancient Xinjiang samples lie on a cline extending from the NEA populations to the central Steppe and European clusters (Fig. 2A and fig. S5), suggesting that these ancient Xinjiang populations had varying degrees of relatedness to NEA, central Steppe, and European populations.
...
Therefore, the mitogenomic history of Xinjiang was heavily marked by western Steppe–related, central Steppe, northeastern Asian, and Turan introgression, and a confederation of different ancient populations is quite visible from the BA to HE periods. This admixture formed the foundation of present-day populations in Xinjiang, and future studies with ancient genomic data will reveal more admixture patterns in this region.

And now the good news:

« Last Edit: July 07, 2021, 02:58:51 am by 90sRetroFan »

guest55

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Re: Turanian diffusion
« Reply #13 on: July 07, 2021, 11:44:10 am »
 They even mention "Turan introgression" in the above article you posted. Fascinating!

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The First Great Plague: A Neolithic Apocalypse?
« Reply #14 on: August 22, 2021, 04:39:53 pm »
The First Great Plague: A Neolithic Apocalypse?
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What caused the Neolithic Decline in Europe? Was it the first great plague in history? And if so, did it cause a Neolithic apocalypse?

In the 4th Millennium BC, Neolithic Europe experienced a sustained decline. By about 3000 BC Western Steppe Herders like the Yamnaya and related groups migrated west into Europe, changing the genetics and culture forever, and bringing about the Bronze Age.

The male lineages of Neolithic Europe came to an end as the steppe herders had offspring with the Neolithic farmer women. Did this only happen because the settled farmers had already been brought to their knees by waves of plague?

In this video we look at the first recorded samples of the plague - Yersinia Pestis - the same bacterium that caused the Black Death and the Plague of Justinian and Bronze Age plagues.

Did the disease first become dangerous in the vast proto-cities of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture in Eastern Europe?



As Hitler pointed out in Mein Kampf, this is what happens when Aryans mix their blood with non-Aryans, it results in the death of Aryan culture and Aryans themselves.

Had Aryans never mixed their blood with non-Aryans then the concept of the nation-state would never have been perverted by hunter-gatherers and herders.

This is what hunter-gatherer and herder perversion of the nation-state concept ultimately manifests as: https://trueleft.createaforum.com/ancient-world/antropocentricism-the-most-dangerous-ideology-in-the-world/
Which in turn diminishes the nation-state and returns humanity to tribalism. Tribalism and nationalism are mutually exclusive!

(And some probably wonder why Aryans such as 90SRF are so pro-lockdown and masks in regards to the covid-19 pandemic. Now you know! LOL!)